Libriufo

Journal of Scientific Exploration
A Publication of the Society for Scientific Exploration
Volume 2 Number 2 September 1988
Society for Scientific Exploration

Editor: Bernhard M. HAISCH

Name: Haisch, Bernhard M.

CONTENTS

Author	Title	Pag

Bernhard M. HAISCH	Editorial	91-92

	`Invited Assay`
Richard C. HENRY	UFOs and NASA	93-142
	Abstract: In 1977 President Carter's Science Advisor recommended that a small panel of inquiry be formed by NASA to see if there had been any new significant findings on UFOs since the US Air Force-sponsored investigation of UFOs ("Condon Report") a decade earlier. Five months later, NASA responded to that recommendation by proposing "to take no steps to establish a research activity in this area or to convene a symposium on the subject." This article offers a partial inside look at how that decision was made at NASA.
Yewant TERZIAN	The Nature of Time	143-154
	Abstract: One of the most fundamental concepts in our experience of existence is the flow of time-continuously from the past to the future. Yet, the basic nature of time as part of the description of the universe is not understood at all. The conservation laws of physics seem to be time-symmetrical, every detailed action could occur in reverse, which argues that the concept of the passage of time is not needed in nature. Yet, that time flows in one direction remains part of our experience. Can time stop? Can we influence the future? Can we influence the past? The historical and thermodynamic arrows of time are discussed and several enigmas and contradictions about the nature of time are revealed. The concept of "entropy" and its relation to the universe as a whole is explored. The fundamental changes of our notions of a uniformly flowing time, made by Albert Einstein in his Special and General Theories of Relativity are pointed out, and several "paradoxes" and "anomalous" examples are described. The nature of time and its relation to the Big-Bang cosmology is discussed, and the question "What was before the Big-Bang" is addressed.

Brenda J. DUNNE, Roger D. NELSON, Robert G. JAHN	Operator-Related Anomalies in a Random Mechanical Cascade	155-179
	Abstract: Experiments with a "Random Mechanical Cascade" (RMC) apparatus have yielded anomalous results correlated with pre-stated intentions of human operators. Based upon a common statistical demonstration device, this machine allows 9000 polystyrene balls to drop through a matrix of 330 pegs, scattering them into 19 collecting bins with a population distribution that is approximately Gaussian. As the balls enter the bins, exact counts are accumulated photoelectrically, displayed as feedback for the operator, and recorded on-line. Operators attempt to shift the mean of the developing distributions to the right or left, relative to a concurrently generated baseline distribution. Of the 25 operators who have completed one or more experimental series with this device, four have achieved anomalous separations of their right and left efforts, and two others have displayed significant separations of either their right or left efforts from their baselines. The overall mean difference of right versus left efforts concatenated across the total data base of 87 series (3393 runs), has a probability against chance of < with 15% of the individual series significant at p < .05, and 63% conforming to the intended directions. The concatenated results display a stark and curious asymmetry, in that virtually all of the right vs. left separation is provided by the left vs. baseline separation. This pattern also appears in the data of several individual operators, and is not attributable to any known physical asymmetry in the experimental system. In addition to the systematic asymmetric deviation of the distribution means, cumulative excesses in the variances of the left and right distributions relative to baseline are also observed, progressing to statistical probabilities of .003 in the left efforts, but only .2 in the right. More detailed study of the individual bin population patterns reveals that while most of the bins contribute to the overall mean shifts and variance changes, those on the outer portions are more influential than those near the center. Operator achievements tend to compound marginally but systematically in cumulative deviation patterns characteristic of the particular individuals and, in several cases, similar to those produced by the same operators in microelectronic Random Event Generator (REG) experiments. Within these characteristic patterns of achievement, some operators also show sensitivities to secondary experimental parameters, such as instructed vs. volitional establishment of the intended directions, or the presence or absence of feedback displays. Other successful operators seem insensitive to such options. Two major protocol variations have been explored, one employing remote operators, the other, multiple operators. In the former, operators with well-established performance in local experiments attempt to influence the bin distributions from remote locations up to several thousand miles from the laboratory. Significant results are again obtained that are quite similar to those of the local experiments, with the exception that the overall right and left distribution variances are smaller than those of the baseline. In the multiple operator experiments, early results show little resemblance to those achieved by the participating individuals alone.

Richard G. DOUGLAS	Archaeological Anomalies in the Bahamas	181-201
	Abstract: Controversial claims have been made for the presence of anomalous underwater archaeological sites in the Bahamas by a number of investigators. The proponents emphasize extraordinary explanations for the anomalies and tend to bypass the scientific journals in favor of popular presentations with little scientific rigor. The skeptics debunk selected claims for some of the sites, do not adequately address the prominent anomalous aspects, and attempt to fit explanations with which they disagree into a general category of cult archaeology. This paper reviews the work of the proponents and skeptics, discusses some of the reasons why they are unable to reach agreement, and addresses the relevance of the controversy to the response of the archaeological community to extraordinary claims.

Tom G. SLANGER	Evidence for a Short-Period Internal Clock in Humans	203-216
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 3 Number 2 September/1989 - Comments on Slanger's Internal Clock
	Abstract: The concept of an internal clock in humans and animals has had many supporters and detractors over the years. In this article, we demonstrate the apparent existence of an extremely precise time sense in humans, but the process is not related to conscious estimates of the passage of time. Instead, the experiments indicate that there is a mechanism, operating below the level of consciousness, that, with occasional feedback, can keep track of clock time. The precision of the system is quite extraordinary; the observations are consistent with synchronization between the internal timekeeper and clock time to within an averaged value of one part in 10 4.

Ian STEVENSON, Godwin SARNARARATNE	Three New Cases of the Reincarnation Type in Sri Lanka With Written Records Made Before Verifications	217-238
	Abstract: Three new cases in Sri Lanka of children who claim to remember previous lives were identified before the statements made by the children subjects of the cases had been verified. The authors made a written record of what the child said and then located a family corresponding to the child's statements. Although none of the children stated the name of the deceased person whose life the child seemed to remember, they all furnished details that, taken together, were sufficiently specific to identify one particular person as the only person corresponding to the child's statements. Careful inquiries about the possibilities for the normal communication of information from one family to the other before the case developed provide no evidence of such communication and make it seem almost impossible that it could have occurred. The written records of exactly what the child said about the previous life make it possible to exclude distortion of memories of the child's statements on the part of informants after the two families concerned have met. The children seem to have shown paranormal knowledge about deceased persons who were previously completely unknown to their families.

	`Letters to the Editor`
	Comment on Beloff's Parapsychology: The Continuing Impasse	239-240
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 1 Number 2 June/1988 - Parapsychology: The Continuing Impasse [Beloff, John]

	`Book Review`
Bernhard M. EFAISCH	Children Who Remember Previous Lives: A Question of Reincarnation, by Ian Stevenson	241-244

Journal of Scientific Exploration

Volume 5 Number 2 1991

Editor: Bernhard M. HAISCH

Name: Haisch, Bernhard M.

CONTENTS

Author	Title	Pag

Bernhard HAISCH	Editor's Note	i

William GIROLDINI	Eccles's Model of Mind-Brain Interaction and Psychokinesis: A Preliminary Study	145-161
	Abstract: In this article the relationship between mind and brain is initially discussed from the opposite materialist and dualist perspectives. In the Eccles's hypothesis, a very weak psychokinetic (PK) action of will on a few neurons of cerebral cortex could determine remarkable changes in brain activity. Starting from this idea, a neuron network suitable for revealing weak PK influences is discussed. Thirty-five preliminary PK experiments based on a Random Signal Generator (RSG), which represents a first raw electronic version of this neuron network, were performed. Twenty-seven subjects attempted to mentally influence the RSG in a double optical and acoustic RSG-feedback. Each experiment was fully computer controlled and consisted of ten PK-minutes alternated with ten control-minutes without feedback. Moreover, the EEG recording of alpha and beta rhythms of subjects during the experiments was performed. The PK experiments gave altogether a significant result (p < lo-'), whereas 35 control-experiments without subjects were nonsignificant. EEG analysis showed that during the control-minutes the alpha and beta rhythms were wider than in the PK minutes, and moreover the alpha rhythm was remarkably higher during the PK-hitting than in the PK-missing trials. A psychological interpretation of these results is proposed, but the more interesting possibility is that an independent high alpha activity would cause better PK performance. Further studies are necessary to test this important possibility.

A. I. GRIGOR'EV, I. D. GRIGOR'EVA, S. O. SHIRYAEVA	Ball Lightning and St. Elmo's Fire as Forms of Thunderstorm Activity	163-190
	Abstract: `The electrohydrodynamic theory of ball lightning and St. Elmo's fire is developed. Electrohydrodynamic instability of water droplets and films is basic for these phenomena and distinguishes them from corona.`

James McCLENON	Social Scientific Paradigms for Investigating Anomalous Experience	191-203
	Abstract: The investigation of anomalous experience may be conducted within the realm of folklore, collective behavior, and the sociology of religion. Although these social scientific approaches lack the mathematical precision of the physical sciences, they allow theoretical development, the testing of hypotheses derived from these orientations, and the revision of theory in light of empirical observation. The use of social scientific paradigms grants the investigation of anomalous phenomena a cumulative quality, open to both skeptics and believers.

Robert G. JAHN, York H. DOBYNS, Brenda J. DUNNE	Count Population Profiles in Engineering Anomalies Experiments	205-232
	Abstract: Four technically and conceptually distinct experiments-a random binary generator driven by a microelectronic noise diode; a deterministic pseudorandom generator; a large-scale random mechanical cascade; and a digitized remote perception protocol-display strikingly similar patterns of count deviations from their corresponding chance distributions. Specifically, each conforms to a statistical linear regression of the form An / n = 6 (x - p) , where An / n is the deviation from chance expectation of the population frequency of the score value x divided by its chance frequency, p is the mean of the chance distribution, and 6 is the slope of the regression line, constant for a given data subset, but parametrically dependent on the experimental device, the particular operator or data concatenation, and the prevailing secondary conditions. In each case, the result is tantamount to a simple marginal transposition of the appropriate chance Gaussian distribution to a new mean value p' = p + Nt, where N is the sample size, or equivalently to a change in the elemental probability of the basic binary process to p' = p + 6, where p is the chance value and E = 614. Proposition of a common psychophysical mechanism by which the consciousness of the operator may achieve these elemental probability shifts is thwarted by the complexity and disparity of the several technical and logical tasks that would be involved. More parsimonious, albeit more radical, explication may be posed via a holistic information-theoretic approach, wherein the consciousness adds some increment of information, in the technical sense, into the particular experimental system, which then deploys it in the most efficient fashion to achieve the experimental goal, i.e., the volition-correlated mean shift. The relationship of this technical information transfer to the subjective teleological processes of the consciousness remains to be understood.

Erlendur HARALDSSON	Children Claiming Past-Life Memories: Four Cases in Sri Lanka	233-261
	Abstract: This is a report on an investigation of four children in Sri Lanka who claimed to remember a previous life at the early age of two to three years. Detailed written records were made of the statements of three of the children before any attempt was made to examine their claims. In two cases, these statements made it possible to trace a deceased person whose life history fit to a considerable extent the statements made by the child. In these cases, no prior connection of any kind was found to have existed between the child's family and that of the alleged previous personality. The pattern of these cases resembles those earlier reported by Stevenson: the children are at a preschool age when they start to make claims about a previous life; they usually start to "forget'' at about the time they go to school; some of them claim to have died violently earlier; they express the wish to meet their earlier families or visit their homes; and some of them show behavioral idiosyncrasies that seem to differ from what they observe and would be expected to learn from their environment. In Sri Lanka more than half of such cases remain "unsolved," i.e., no person can be traced that roughly matches the child's statements.

	`Letters to the Editor`
	Comments on A Gas Discharge Device for Investigating Focussed Human Attention	263-164
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 4 Number 2 /1990 - A Gas Discharge Device for Investigating Focussed Human Attention [Tiller, William A.]

Journal of Scientific Exploration

Volume 6 Number 1 1992

Editor: Bernhard M. HAISCH

Name: Haisch, Bernhard M.

CONTENTS

Author	Title	Pag

	`Editorial`
Bernhard HAISCH	Less Is More!	1-2

William BRAMLEY	Can the UFO Extraterrestrial Hypothesis and Vallee Hypotheses Be Reconciled?	3-9
	Abstract: The phenomenon of Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) presently affords analysts only pieces of a hereto unknown whole reality. Because the whole is not seen or understood, the visible pieces often appear to be irreconcilable with one another and lead to hypotheses which are in conflict. The Extraterrestrial Hypothesis (ETH) and the hypotheses of Dr. Jacques Vallee (the "Vallee Hypotheses")(VH) represent two such divergent hypotheses. Through analogy to processes and realities that we do understand, it is possible to begin reconciling the evidence of those who support the ETH and those who support the VH. In doing so, we find that the evidence presented in support of the VH does not necessarily compel exclusion of the ETH; but it does demand an acceptance that the UFO phenomenon presents analysts with s~mething of far broader scope in its scientific, social, and historical dimensions than many supporters of the ETH have acknowledged

Robert DOMAINGUE	Learning for Discovery: Establishing the Foundations	11-22
	Abstract: This article examines the prospect of facilitating the discovery process. The approach to learning for discovery which this article takes is called anticipatory learning. Anticipatory learning seeks to facilitate the discovery process by enhancing abilities in pattern recognition, empathy, and collaboration among researchers. Pattern recognition is developed in researchers through intuitive and metaphorical thinking. Metaphors which emerge from general systems thinking and aesthetics are especially useful for enhancing pattern recognition abilities.


York H. DOBYNS	On the Bayesian Analysis of REG Data	23-45
	Abstract: -Bayesian analysis may profitably be applied to anomalous data obtained in Random Event Generator and similar humadmachine experiments, but only by proceeding from sensible prior probability estimates. Unreasonable estimates or strongly conflicting initial hypotheses can project the analysis into contradictory and misleading results. Depending upon the choice of prior and other factors, the results of Bayesian analysis range from confirmation of classical analysis to complete disagreement, and for this reason classical estimates seem more reliable for the interpretation of data of this class.
William H. JEFFERYS	Response to Dobyns	47-57
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 6 Number 2 /1992 - Erratum
	Abstract: `Dobyns' article suggests some reasons why orthodox statistics might be superior to Bayesian statistics when discussing random event generator statistics. Several of his main arguments are examined and discussed.`

M. W. HO, S. ROSS, H. BOLTON, F. A. POPP, X. X. LI	Electrodynamic Activities and Their Role in the Organization of Body Pattern	59-77
	Abstract: This paper reports some of the highlights of our investigations (both published and in progress) into the role of electrodynamical activities in the organization of body pattern in Drosophila. 1. Exposure of populations of synchronously developing embryos for 30 minutes to weak static magnetic fields (0.5 to 9 mT) during the first three hours of development results in a high proportion of characteristic body pattern abnormalities in larvae which hatch 24 hours later. As the energies involved are below thermal threshold, there can be no significant effect unless there is a high degree of cooperativity or coherence in the pattern determination processes reacting to the external field (Ho et al., 1991a). 2. Developing embryos show profuse electrical activities (recorded with microelectrodes placed within the polar pockets) starting at least as early as 40 m after fertilization and continuing well into cellularization. The activities are highly patterned, and evolve in the course of development. They may reflect changes in polarization of the embryonic field associated with the coherent excitations predicted by Frohlich (1 968; 1980). 3. Populations of synchronously developing embryos show self-emission and light rescattering characteristics that also change with developmental time. In addition, embryos less than 40 m old exhibit an entirely new phenomenon in the form of intense luminescent flashes which can appear any time from one to 20 minutes, and up to 8 hours after light stimulation. These superdelayed luminescent flashes may result from cooperative interactions among embryos within the entire population, which serve to synchronize development to external light as Zeitgeber (Ho et al., 199 1 b).

	`Book Reviews`
Laurence W. FREDRICK	The Big Splash by Dr. Louis A. Frank with Patrick Huyghe.	79-81
Henry BAUER	Fire from Ice: Searching for the Truth Behind the Cold Fusion Furor by Eugene F . Mallove	81-84

	`Correspondence and Contributions`
Michael D. SWORDS	Look It Up: Parapsychology	85-86

	`SSE News Items`
	SSE President Peter Sturrock receives Space Sciences Award	87-88
	SSE Council Member Radin Honored	88
	SSE Councilor Utts Elected AAAS Fellow	89
	Secret Life published by Prof. David Jacobs	89
	Book:David Michael JACOBS,SECRET LIFE - 1992
	JSE Editor Returns from Max-Planck-Institut	89
	New PEAR Reports Available	89-90
	Article on Replicability in Parapsychology	90
	New Council Members Elected	90-91
	Eleventh Annual SSE Meeting at Princeton	91

Journal of Scientific Exploration

Volume 6 Number 2 1992

Editor: Bernhard M. HAISCH

Name: Haisch, Bernhard M.

CONTENTS

Author	Title	Pag

	`Editorial`
Bernhard HAISCH	Challenge Grant	i-ii

Rhea A. WHITE	Review of Approaches to the Study of Spontaneous Psi Experiences	93-126
	Abstract: -Twelve approaches to the study of spontaneous psi experiences are described: individual case study, case collection, survey, cross-cultural, longitudinal, clinical, psychological, phenomenological, archetypal, folklorist, active imagination, and social constructionist. The review begins with the older and more commonly used approaches. Although all 12 methods have been reported in the literature, the primary ones used thus far in parapsychology are the individual case study, the case collection, the cross cultural, the survey, and to a lesser extent, the clinical. The others have barely been tried, yet if given a fair trial, they might prove to be more useful ways of learning to understand the nature of spontaneous psi experiences than the first three, although the latter will always be useful for different purposes. In general, the more commonly used methods aim at establishing that the experiences occurred as reported and at delimiting the characteristics of the cases and details of their incidence. The lesser used methods are aimed at understanding the personal (and sometimes general) meaning of experiential accounts of psi experiences. Throughout the author has also interjected her own personal views of which approaches are to be preferred at this time, and why.


Stephen E. BRAUDE	Survival or Super-psi?	127-144
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 6 Number 3 Autumn/1992 - Comments on Survival or Super-psi?
	Abstract: Even the most sophisticated discussions of the evidence for survival underestimate the conceptual difficulties facing the survival hypothesis. Perhaps the major challenge is posed by the rival "super-psi" hypothesis, which most writers fail to confront in its most plausible and potent form. Once the super-psi hypothesis is taken seriously, two major weaknesses in discussions of survival stand out clearly. First, analyses of apparently anomalous knowledge that tend to be fatally superficial in their treatment of subject psychodynamics. And second, analyses of apparently anomalous abilities and skills trade on an impoverished and naive conception of the nature of human abilities.
Ian STEVENSON	Survival or Super-psi: A Reply	145-150
Stephen E. BRAUDE	Reply to Stevenson	151-155

Loftur Reimar GISSURARSON	The Psychokinesis Effect: Geomagnetic Influence, Age and Sex Differences	157-165
	Abstract: Data from 621 experimental sessions carried out in Scotland, United States and Iceland were retrospectively analyzed for a possible connection between psychokinesis (PK) performance and local geomagnetic activity (Kindex). Although the study did not find any significant correlation between geomagnetic activity and overall PK performance, the difference in geomagnetic activity on the day prior to the experimental sessions (split via high and low PK score) was marginally significant (p = .08, 2-T). The compound PK effect in the data base yielded a nonsignificant z-score deviation from MCE of 1.27, with a distribution significantly different from a normal distribution (p=.01, 2-T). Furthermore, males did significantly better than females (p= .04, 2-T), and the youngest subjects did marginally better than the oldest subjects (p = .098,2-T).

Satwant PASRICHA	Are Reincarnation Type Cases Shaped by Parental Guidance? An Empirical Study Concerning the Limits of Parents' Influence on Children	167-180
	Abstract: The author conducted a systematic survey of cases of the reincarnation type in a region of northern India with an estimated population of 861 1 persons. The 91 respondents informed about 19 cases, suggesting a prevalence rate of 2.2 per thousand in this area. In addition to the characteristics of the cases, the author learned about the range and extent of dissemination of information about such cases. Information regarding the occurrence of particular cases traveled a maximum distance of 75 kilometers; in 94% of the cases it never went beyond 25 kilometers. Information about the factual details of cases traveled even shorter distances. Cases occurring within the same family or the same village showed considerable variations in important features, making it unlikely that cases developed later had been modeled on ones occurring earlier.

	`Book Reviews`
Henry H. BAUER	Darwin on Trial by Phillip E. Johnson	181-186
Henry H. BAUER	American Epigraphy at the Crossroads edited by James P. Whittall, Jr.	186-190
Henry H. BAUER	How We Know What Isn't So: The Fallibility of Human Reason in Everyday Life by Thomas Gilovich	190-194

	`SSE News Items`
	Highlights of the Princeton SSE Meeting	195-199
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 6 Number 3 Autumn/1992 - Erratum
	Dinsdale Prize Awarded to Dr. Helmut Schmidt	199-200
	New Book Review Editor	201
	Research Reports Available from Hungarian Academy of Sciences	201

	Erratum	202
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 6 Number 1 /1992 - Response to Dobyns [Jefferys, William H.]

Journal of Scientific Exploration
A Publication of the Society for Scientific Exploration
Volume 7 Number 1 Spring 1993
Society for Scientific Exploration

Editor: Bernhard M. HAISCH

Name: Haisch, Bernhard M.

CONTENTS

Author	Title	Pag

	`Editorial`
Bernhard HAISCH	More is More!	1

	`SSE News Items`
	1993 Annual SSE Meeting	3-4
	SSE President Sturrock Named Honorary Fellow	4
Edwin C. MAY	In Memory of Charles Honorton	4-5
Suitbert ERTEL	In Memory of Michel Gauquelin	5-7

Topher COOPER	Anomalous Propagation	9-13

Michael EPSTEIN	The Skeptical Perspective	15-18

Tom VAN FLANDEM	Guest Column: Major Meeting on New Cosmologies	19-22

Paul DEVEREUX	Acculturated Topographical Effects of Shamanic Trance Consciousness in Archaic and Medieval Sacred Landscapes	23-37
	Abstract: Various linear enigmas exist in ancient sacred landscapes worldwide. These include examples of Native American landscape lines, such as the Chacoan "roads", New Mexico, and the Nazca "lines", Peru; Neolithic linear earthworks, called "cursuses", in Britain; stone rows in Europe, Malaysia and elsewhere; temple alignments in Indonesia. There is also the archaeologically heretical idea of "leys" (alignments of ancient sites), put forward by Englishman Alfred Watkins in 1921. Although the ley theory has long been derided by mainstream scholarship, new German and Dutch findings show that there was a medieval tradition of straight "Doodwegen" (death roads) or "Geisterwege" (ghost paths). It seems Watkins may have unwittingly uncovered vestiges of these features. Certainly Watkins had no concept of current "New Age" notions of "energy leylines", which are modem fantasies. It is argued that such medieval features arise out of a deep-seated, universal conceptual complex associating "spirit ways" with straight lines: straight cords and threads in ancient traditional healing practices as well as straight tracks and other ceremonial landscape markings. It is suggested that these ideas have their roots in archaic shamanism, which, throughout Eurasia, influenced later, ceremonial aspects of monarchy. A proto-Indo-European language vestige is cited. Preliminary evidence is presented indicating that the spirit - line association derived from the ecstatic "journey" experienced during the shamanic trance. This gave rise to images of "flying shamans" in tribal societies throughout the world, and, ultimately, to the "magical flight of the sovereign" in proto-state and state societies. It is this "flight of the soul" that seems to have been translated onto ancient sacred landscapes as straight lines, which later became variously acculturated as sacred ways, spirit and fairy paths, roads of the dead or of ghosts, or Royal Routes. The neurological aspects of the so-called out-of-body state, and its possible association with modem psychological epidemics such as "UFO abductions", is alluded to

Gerard L. EBERLEIN	Mainstream Sciences vs. Parasciences: Toward an Old Dualism?	39-48
	Abstract: The Observatory for New Spiritual Movements has been operating at the Technical University of Munich since 1980. It is concerned with the study of cults, New Age ideologies and with the parasciences from anthroposophy to cryptozoology. The parasciences are being analyzed by the science of sciences, i.e., by the philosophy of science, psychology and sociology of science, as well as by the history of science. The following ten hypotheses, characteristics and questions are discussed: (1) Mainstream sciences may make neither monopolistic nor absolutistic claims. (2) The six main criteria of the academic sciences are compared to the six main criteria of the parasciences. (3) The two types of science also differ in their value orientations. (4) Social processes and structures are characteristics of both. (5) What are the characteristic motivations of parascientists? (6) What is the historical background of the mainstream sciences? (7) What are the difference between the metaparadigms of mainstream science and those of the parasciences? (8) What are the social functions of mainstream sciences and parasciences? (9) Do the functions of the parasciences transcend those of mainstream science? (10) What are the characteristic differences between practitioners of mainstream science and the parasciences?

Shigeru MORIYAMA	Existence of Life and Homeostasis in an Attnospheric Environment	49-63
	Abstract: -A geophysiological model is used to show how a regulation of the atmospheric C02 level could counteract the effect of a gradual increase in solar luminosity. In our model, the biosphere and the atmosphere-ocean system exchange carbon through a biological process which includes the internal and mutual antagonism. It is suggested that as soon as the biologically regulated system had appeared on the early earth, the regulatory aspect of the ecosystem would have been fully operational, and thus, that the earth's environment has been maintained in homeostasis for a long time. One model for the temporal variation of the carbon distribution on the earth, which is in agreement with observed carbon isotopic data, is also suggested. An important result is that our ecosystem left a completely biologically controllable state some six hundred million years ago, and that the current trend is toward destruction of the ecosystem on the earth

Michael D. SWORDS	A Guide to UFO Research	65-87
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 7 Number 3 /1993 - Comments on Guide to UFO Research
	Abstract: `-The very natural query of the interested intellectual: what should 1 read to understand the status of the UFO Phenomenon?, has no simple answer. This review article briefly examines the characteristics of the "UFO Problem" and relates those characteristics to the problem of ignorance in the academic community. An "inside look" at the appropriate library for the "working UFOlogist" is then explored.`

	`Letters to the Editor`
	Comments on Better Blood Through Chemistry	89-94
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 6 Number 3 Autumn/1992 - Better Blood Through Chemistry: A Laboratory Replication of a Miracle [Epstein, Michael & Garlaschelli, Luigi]
	Super-psi or Reincarnation?	94-95

	`Book Reviews`
Ian STEVENSON	The Meaning of Evolution: The Morphological Construction and Ideological Reconstruction of Darwin's Theory	97-99
Bradley C CANON	Revelations: Alien Contact and Human Deception?	99-104
	Review: Jacques VALLÉE,REVELATIONS - 1991
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 7 Number 2 Summer/1993 - Vallee Comments on Book Review "Revelations: Alien Contact and Human Deception"

	SOCIETY FOR SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION POSITION PAPER

Journal of Scientific Exploration

Volume 8 Number 3 1994

Name: Haisch, Bernhard M.

CONTENTS

Author	Title	Pag

Bernhard HAISCH	Editorial	307-308

Peter A. STURROCK	Report on a Survey of the Membership of the American Astronomical Society Concerning the UFO Problem: Part 3	309-346
	Serie: Volume 8 Number 1 Spring/1994 Report on a Survey of the Membership of the American Astronomical Society Concerning the UFO Problem: Part 1 Volume 8 Number 2 /1994 Report on a Survey of the Membership of the American Astronomical Society Concerning the UFO Problem: Part 2 Volume 8 Number 3 /1994 Report on a Survey of the Membership of the American Astronomical Society Concerning the UFO Problem: Part 3
	Abstract: `Refereed journals, to which scientists turn for their reliable information, carry virtually no information on the UFO problem. Does this imply that scientists have no views and no thoughts on the subject, or that all scientists consider it insignificant? Does it imply that scientists have no reports to submit comparable with UFO reports published in newspapers and popular books? The purpose of this survey was to answer these questions.`

Bruce MACCABEE	Strong Magnetic Field Detected Following a Sighting of an Unidentified Flying Object	347-365
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 9 Number 2 /1995 - Comments on Magnetic Field Detection Associated with a UFO
	Abstract: Following the brief sighting of an unidentified flying object in Gulf Breeze, Florida in September 1992, investigators made an area search using a fluxgate gradient magnetometer and found a strong magnetic field gradient, indicative of a strong source of magnetic field, which appeared to be at or above the tops of some trees near a small pond. Three circles of depressed grass were found in the bottom of the shallow pond. This paper discusses the sighting, the area search, the circles and the field gradient measurements. An estimate of the field strength is presented and compared with magnetic effects associated with other sightings.


Daniel P. WIRTH, Barbara J. MITCHELL	Complementary Healing Therapy for Patients With Type I Diabetes Mellitus	367-377
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 8 Number 4 /1994 - Further Comments on the Unreliability of Home Blood Glucose Monitors
	Abstract: The effect of Noncontact Therapeutic Touch (NCTT) therapy and Intercessory Prayer (IP) on patient determined insulin dosage was examined in an exploratory pilot study which utilized a randomized, double-blind, within subject, crossover design. Sixteen type I diabetes mellitus patients were examined and treated daily by NCTT and IP healers for a duration of two weeks. Each patient underwent two separate sessions-one in the treatment condition and one in the control condition-with the patients crossing over to the opposite condition for the second session. The results indicated that while 11 of the 16 patients (69%) in the treatment group showed a reduction in insulin dose levels as compared to the control group, the difference in insulin dosage did not reach significance. It is suggested that various methodological considerations may have been important contributing factors in the nonsignificant results obtained including: (1) the utilization of insulin dose instead of objectively measured laboratory blood glucose values as the dependent variable, (2) the four foot distance and mirrored glass barrier between healer and patient, (3) the short duration for treatment and control sessions, (4) the experimental instructions advising patients to adjust their caloric intake and expenditure prior to adjusting their insulin dose, and (5) the use of healthy longterm IDDM patients with a stable insulin dose who did not exhibit any diabetic sequelae.
Ian STEVENSON	Response to Wirth et al.	379-380

Erlendur HARALDSSON, Joop M. HOUTKOOPER	Report on an Indian Swami Claiming to Materialize Objects: The Value and Limitations of Field Observations	381-397
	Abstract: In India there are frequent and widely accepted claims of materializations of objects or substances which are usually associated with the activities of religious persons, such as Hindu swamis, and are sometimes reported to occur during religious ceremonies. Such claims, if substantiated, could have a major influence on the development of the studies of anomalous phenomena. This report describes an attempt to investigate the claims concerning a little known swami, Gyatri Swami. The difficulties involved in working in a religious setting are described in order to demonstrate the limitations to which this sort of research is subject. Conclusions are left as much as possible to the reader, because these claims frequently warrant no clearcut verdict. However, in the case of Gyatri Swami we reached a negative conclusion regarding his claims.

	`Columns`
Topher COOPER	Anomalous Propagation	399-402
Michael EPSTEIN	The Skeptical Perspective	403-406

	`Letters to the Editor`
	Response to Ballester-Olmos	407
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 8 Number 1 Spring/1994 - Alleged Experiences Inside UFOs: An Analysis of Abduction Reports [Ballester Olmos, Vicente-Juan]
	Response to Ballester-Olmos	407
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 8 Number 1 Spring/1994 - Alleged Experiences Inside UFOs: An Analysis of Abduction Reports [Ballester Olmos, Vicente-Juan]

	`Book Reviews`
James W. DEARDORFF	Anomalous Experiences & Trauma: Current Theoretical, Research and Clinical Perspectives edited by Rima E. Laibow et al.	409-411
	Review: Rima E. LAIBOW, Robert N. SOLLOD, John P. WILSON,ANOMALOUS EXPERIENCES AND TRAUMA: Current Theoretical, Reserch and Clinical Perspectives - 1992
Hilary EVANS	The Case for Astrology by John Anthony West	411-415
John PALMER	Parapsychology: A Concise History by John Beloff	415-419
Henry H. BAUER	Science Frontiers: Some Anomalies and Curiosities of Nature by William R. Corliss	419-420
	Review: William R. CORLISS,SCIENCE FRONTIERS: Some Anomalies and Curioities of Nature - 1994
Ian STEVENSON	Immortality edited by Paul Edwards	420-422
Angela THOMPSON	The Blue Sense: Psychic Detectives and Crime by Arthur Lyons and Marcello Truzzi -	422-423
Angela THOMPSON	Many Lives, Many Masters & Through Time Into Healing by Brian L. Weiss	423-424

Journal of Scientific Exploration

Volume 8 Number 4 1994

Name: Haisch, Bernhard M.

CONTENTS

Author	Title	Pag

	`Research Articles`
Pierre GUÉRIN	A Scientific Analysis of Four Photographs of a Flying Disk Near Lac Chauvet (France)	447-469
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 9 Number 2 /1995 - Comment on McMinnville UFO Photos
	Abstract: `A series of four photographs of a disk-shaped object apparently flying in the sky was physically analyzed. Certain details led us to develop a mathematical model of the supposed trajectory. The model was validated by measurements on the photographs, which demonstrated that the disk was distant from the camera, flying along a straight and horizontal trajectory, and was not a fabrication`
R. D. Nelson et al.	A Linear Pendulum Experiment: Effects of Operator Intention on Damping Rate	471-489
	Abstract: An attractive pendulum consisting of a two-inch crystal ball suspended on a fused silica rod is the focus of an experiment to measure possible effects of conscious intention on an analog physical system. The pendulum is enclosed in a clear acrylic box, and provided with a computer controlled mechanical system to release it from the same starting height in repeated runs. A high speed binary counter registers interruptions of photodiode beams, to measure velocities at the nadir of the pendulum arc with microsecond accuracy. In runs of 100 swings, taking about three minutes, operators attempt to keep swings high, i.e. to decrease the damping rate (HI); to reduce swing amplitude, i.e. to increase the damping rate (LO); or to take an undisturbed baseline (BL). Over a total of 1545 sets, generated by 42 operators, the HI - LO difference is significant in the direction of intention for five individuals, and the difference between intention and baseline runs is significant and positive for five other operators. The overall HI - LO difference is reduced to non-significance by strong negative performances from several operators, four of whom have comparably large scores in the direction opposite to intention. Analysis of variance reveals significant internal structure in the database (main effects F,, ,,= 2.845, p = .025). Subset comparisons indicate that male operators tend to score higher than females, and that randomly instructed trials tend toward higher scores than volitional trials, especially for male operators. Trials generated with the operator in a remote location have a larger effect size than the local trials. While direct comparisons are not straightforward, it appears that effects of operator intention on the pendulum damping rate may be similar in magnitude and style to those in other humanlmachine interaction experiments. Although this result fails to support an experimental hypothesis that the analog nature of the pendulum experiment would engender larger effect sizes, it does confirm a basic similarity of consciousness effects across experiments using fundamentally different physical systems.
P. A. STURROCK	Applied Scientific Inference	491-508
	Abstract: The purpose of this article is to use the principles of scientific inference to provide guidance in evaluating complicated issues such as those raised by the study of anomalous phenomena. Specifically, the article presents a formalism (a "protocol") for organizing and combining the many judgments that must be made in the scientific evaluation of the relevant hypotheses. All judgments are to be expressed as probabilities, and the rules for combining probabilities are derived from Bayes' theorem. Setting up a problem in a manner that permits such an analysis can be helpful in imposing a structure and discipline upon the analysis, and also in exposing relevant questions that might otherwise have remained hidden. Furthermore, the introduction of probabilities makes it possible to put on a sound numerical basis such assertions as "extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence." One finds that extraordinary evidence can be built up from many (but not very many) items of unspectacular evidence, provided the items are truly independent. The proposed procedure permits a clear separation between a statement of initial prejudice and an evaluation of the significance of considered evidence. However, it would be even better to set out explicitly the considerations on which the prejudice is based, and to view those considerations as part of the evidence to be evaluated. The procedure also draws a clear separation between the roles and judgments of data analysts (who assign probabilities to specified statements, based on the evidence), and those of theorists (who assign probabilities to the same statements, based in turn on the considered hypotheses). In order to reach a consensus on any topic, it is recommended that probability estimates be made by teams of experts, all team-members being presented with the same data but acting independently, and procedures are proposed by which individual estimates may be combined to yield a consensus estimate.

	`Essay`
John BELOFF	The Mind-Brain Problem	509-522
	Abstract: `The mind-brain problem, which is still with us, raises the question as to whether the mind is no more than the idle side-effect of our brain processes or whether the mind can, in some degree, influence behavior. Here we rehearse the arguments on both sides plus some desperate recent attempts to eliminate mind altogether.`

Dean I. RADIN	Guest Column: On Complexity and Pragmatism	523-533

	`Letters to the Editor`
	Comments on James Warwick's Book Review of Cross Currents	535-538
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 7 Number 4 /1993 - Cross Currents by Robert 0. Becker [Warwick, James]
	Further Comments on the Unreliability of Home Blood Glucose Monitors	538-539
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 8 Number 3 /1994 - Complementary Healing Therapy for Patients With Type I Diabetes Mellitus [Wirth, Daniel P. & Mitchell, Barbara J.] Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 9 Number 1 /1995 - Erratum

	`Book Reviews`
Michael C. IBISON	The Interrelationship Between Mind and Matter edited by B. Rubik	541-545
Theodore ROCKWELL	The Interrelationship Between Mind and Matter edited by B. Rubik	545-546
Emily Williams COOK	A History of Hypnotism by A. Gauld	546-553
Angela THOMPSON	The Allagash Abductions: Undeniable Evidence of Alien Intervention by R. E. Fowler	554
	Review: Raymond E. FOWLER,THE ALLAGASH ABDUCTIONS - 1993
Henry H. BAUER	Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and Its Quarrels with Science by P. R. Gross and N. Levitt	555-563
Stuart EDELSTEIN	Perilous Knowledge: The Human Genome Project and Its Implications by T. Wilkie	563-565
Lori Anne NEALE	The Body, Self-Cultivation, and Ki-Energy by Y. Yuasa	565-568

Roger NELSON	The Second Euro-SSE Conference	569

	`Abstracts of the Second Euro-SSE Conference`
Robert MORRIS	Investigating Anomalies in Human-Machine Interaction	570
Jessica UTTS	Decision Augmentation Theory: Can Precognition Explain PK Data	570-571
Walter VON LUCADOU	Psychological Correlates of Experimental Human-Machine Anomalies: Influence, Selection, or What?	571
Zoltan VASSY	Correlation without Causation: on the Nature of Parapsychological Phenomena	571-572
B. E. P. CLEMENT	Conceptual Modeling in the Temporal Domain	572
Harold ASPDEN	The Experimental Pathway to New Sources of Energy	572-573
Harold E. PUTHOFF	On the Feasibility of Converting Vacuum Electromagnetic Energy to a Useful Form	573-574
Bernhard HAISCH	Zero-Point Field, Inertia, and Mach's Principle	574
Roger NELSON	Anomalous Interactions: Intention, Information, and Consciousness	574-575
S. JEFFERS, J. SLOAN	The Double-Slit Experiment as a Potentially Sensitive Detector of Anomalous Effects	575
Euan J. SQUIRES	The Implication of Quantum Theory for an Understanding of Consciousness	575-576
Jacques BENVENISTE	The Transfer of Specific Molecular Signals by Electromagnetic Means, and Its Consequences in Biology and Medicine	576
L. PYATNITSKY	Consciousness Influence on Water Structure	576-577
Zbignew WOLKOWSKI	Recent Advances in the Phoron Concept: An Attempt to Decrease the Incompleteness of Scientific Exploration	576-577
Roeland VAN WIJK	Understanding the Benefits of Subharmful Doses of Toxicants	577-578
Zoltan DIENES	Tests of Sheldrake's Claim of Morphic Resonance	578
Suitbert ERTEL	The Maharishi Effect in Transcendental Meditation: Fancy or Fact?	578-579
Archie E. ROY	The Great Crop Circle Mystery	579
Robin ALLEN	Science, Pseudoscience, and the Crop Circle Phenomenon	579-580
Léon BRENIG	Remote Sensing: A Tool for UFOLOGY	580
Paul DEVEREUX	"Earth Lights": History and Latest Developments Concerning Research into Anomalous Light Phenomena	580-581
George EGELY	Ball Lightning: The Last Enigma of the Atmosphere?	581
Erling STRAND	Project Hessdalen-A Field Investigation of an Unknown Atmospheric Light Phenomenon	581-582
Susan J. HOWAT, Deborah L. DELANOY, Robert L. MORRIS	Remote Staring Detection and Personality Correlates	582
Deborah L. DELANOY, Sunita SAH	Cognitive and Physiological PSI Responses to Remote Positive and Neutral Emotional States	581-582
	Comparison of the SenderINo Sender Conditions Using an Automated Ganzfeld System	583-584
Ian STEVENSON	Six Modem Apparitional Experiences	584
Peter A. STURROCK	The Role of Heresies in Scientific Research	584-585

	`SSE News`
	Odier Research Foundation Publishes Bulletin	587
	14th Annual Meeting: Announcement and Call for Papers	588

MUFON UFO JOURNAL

No 441 January 2005
Mutual UFO Network

Name: Puthoff, Harold E.; Maccabee, Bruce (1942 - 2024); Haisch, Bernhard M. ; Deardorff, James W.

CONTENTS

Author	Title	Pag

John F. SCHUESSLER	Director's Message	2+22


James DEARDORFF, Bernhard HAISCH, Bruce MACCABEE, H. E. PUTHOFF	Four experts explain why scientists should study the UFO phenomenon	3-6
	`Related:` MUFON UFO JOURNAL 445 May/2005 - A lack of consistency?
	Serie: 441 January/2005 Four experts explain why scientists should study the UFO phenomenon 442 February/2005 Four experts explain why scientists should study UFOs
	About the Authors	5

	Large triangular object reported in India	6

Donald E. KEYHOE	Crew of Navy plane has encounter with UFO	7-8

	`MUFON Forum`
	Letter Ann DRUFFEL	8
	`Related:` MUFON UFO JOURNAL 437 September/2004 - Serpents of wisdom? Or snakes in the grass... [Trout, Bey]

	Distant, cold object discovered in elliptical orbit of Sun	9

	Photos from Turkey appear to show genuine UFO	9

	Motorist reports gigantic UFO near Cardiff, UK	10

	Sasquatch or Skunk Ape creature reportedly sighted in Florida	10

	`The UFO Press`
	Frank C. Jr. FESCHINO, THE BRAXTON COUNTY MONSTER: - THE COVER-UP OF THE FLATWOODS MONSTER REVEALED	11-14
	Review: Frank C. Jr. FESCHINO,THE BRAXTON COUNTY MONSTER: - THE COVER-UP OF THE FLATWOODS MONSTER REVEALED - 2004

	`Filer's Files`
George A. FILER	CIA Report	15
George A. FILER	Scientists fear Mars attack	15
George A. FILER	A possible abduction?	15
George A. FILER	New York object covers stars	15
George A. FILER	Maryland white disc	15-16
George A. FILER	California object photographed	16
George A. FILER	Lights play in the UK	16
George A. FILER	Michigan flying triangle	16
George A. FILER	Minnesota cylinder	16
George A. FILER	New Jersey ovals	16
George A. FILER	New Jersey circle formation	16
George A. FILER	Indiana flying triangle	16
George A. FILER	Florida gold object	16-17
George A. FILER	Hawaiian sighting of an oval	17
George A. FILER	Tennessee triangle	17
George A. FILER	Another Tennessee triangle	17
George A. FILER	Iowa flying triangle	17
George A. FILER	Pennsylvania orb sighting	17
George A. FILER	Canadian Sasquatch reported	17

	`Perceptions`
Stanton T. FRIEDMAN	Absence of evidence	18-19

	`View from Britain`
Jenny RANDLES	Poo Fighter legacy	20

Mike HALLOWELL	Israeli citizens left wondering Abduction report, UFO sightings	21

	Karl Pflock suffering from mysterious illness	21

	Alexander Mebane dies at the age of 81	21

	Calendar	22

	`The Night Sky`
Gavin A. J. McLEOD	February 2005	24

	Extraterrestrial life may be studied with bacteria	24

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