Libriufo

Journal of Scientific Exploration
A Publication of the Society for Scientific Exploration
Volume 7 Number 1 Spring 1993
Society for Scientific Exploration

Editor: Bernhard M. HAISCH

Name: May, Edwin C.

CONTENTS

Author	Title	Pag

	`Editorial`
Bernhard HAISCH	More is More!	1

	`SSE News Items`
	1993 Annual SSE Meeting	3-4
	SSE President Sturrock Named Honorary Fellow	4
Edwin C. MAY	In Memory of Charles Honorton	4-5
Suitbert ERTEL	In Memory of Michel Gauquelin	5-7

Topher COOPER	Anomalous Propagation	9-13

Michael EPSTEIN	The Skeptical Perspective	15-18

Tom VAN FLANDEM	Guest Column: Major Meeting on New Cosmologies	19-22

Paul DEVEREUX	Acculturated Topographical Effects of Shamanic Trance Consciousness in Archaic and Medieval Sacred Landscapes	23-37
	Abstract: Various linear enigmas exist in ancient sacred landscapes worldwide. These include examples of Native American landscape lines, such as the Chacoan "roads", New Mexico, and the Nazca "lines", Peru; Neolithic linear earthworks, called "cursuses", in Britain; stone rows in Europe, Malaysia and elsewhere; temple alignments in Indonesia. There is also the archaeologically heretical idea of "leys" (alignments of ancient sites), put forward by Englishman Alfred Watkins in 1921. Although the ley theory has long been derided by mainstream scholarship, new German and Dutch findings show that there was a medieval tradition of straight "Doodwegen" (death roads) or "Geisterwege" (ghost paths). It seems Watkins may have unwittingly uncovered vestiges of these features. Certainly Watkins had no concept of current "New Age" notions of "energy leylines", which are modem fantasies. It is argued that such medieval features arise out of a deep-seated, universal conceptual complex associating "spirit ways" with straight lines: straight cords and threads in ancient traditional healing practices as well as straight tracks and other ceremonial landscape markings. It is suggested that these ideas have their roots in archaic shamanism, which, throughout Eurasia, influenced later, ceremonial aspects of monarchy. A proto-Indo-European language vestige is cited. Preliminary evidence is presented indicating that the spirit - line association derived from the ecstatic "journey" experienced during the shamanic trance. This gave rise to images of "flying shamans" in tribal societies throughout the world, and, ultimately, to the "magical flight of the sovereign" in proto-state and state societies. It is this "flight of the soul" that seems to have been translated onto ancient sacred landscapes as straight lines, which later became variously acculturated as sacred ways, spirit and fairy paths, roads of the dead or of ghosts, or Royal Routes. The neurological aspects of the so-called out-of-body state, and its possible association with modem psychological epidemics such as "UFO abductions", is alluded to

Gerard L. EBERLEIN	Mainstream Sciences vs. Parasciences: Toward an Old Dualism?	39-48
	Abstract: The Observatory for New Spiritual Movements has been operating at the Technical University of Munich since 1980. It is concerned with the study of cults, New Age ideologies and with the parasciences from anthroposophy to cryptozoology. The parasciences are being analyzed by the science of sciences, i.e., by the philosophy of science, psychology and sociology of science, as well as by the history of science. The following ten hypotheses, characteristics and questions are discussed: (1) Mainstream sciences may make neither monopolistic nor absolutistic claims. (2) The six main criteria of the academic sciences are compared to the six main criteria of the parasciences. (3) The two types of science also differ in their value orientations. (4) Social processes and structures are characteristics of both. (5) What are the characteristic motivations of parascientists? (6) What is the historical background of the mainstream sciences? (7) What are the difference between the metaparadigms of mainstream science and those of the parasciences? (8) What are the social functions of mainstream sciences and parasciences? (9) Do the functions of the parasciences transcend those of mainstream science? (10) What are the characteristic differences between practitioners of mainstream science and the parasciences?

Shigeru MORIYAMA	Existence of Life and Homeostasis in an Attnospheric Environment	49-63
	Abstract: -A geophysiological model is used to show how a regulation of the atmospheric C02 level could counteract the effect of a gradual increase in solar luminosity. In our model, the biosphere and the atmosphere-ocean system exchange carbon through a biological process which includes the internal and mutual antagonism. It is suggested that as soon as the biologically regulated system had appeared on the early earth, the regulatory aspect of the ecosystem would have been fully operational, and thus, that the earth's environment has been maintained in homeostasis for a long time. One model for the temporal variation of the carbon distribution on the earth, which is in agreement with observed carbon isotopic data, is also suggested. An important result is that our ecosystem left a completely biologically controllable state some six hundred million years ago, and that the current trend is toward destruction of the ecosystem on the earth

Michael D. SWORDS	A Guide to UFO Research	65-87
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 7 Number 3 /1993 - Comments on Guide to UFO Research
	Abstract: `-The very natural query of the interested intellectual: what should 1 read to understand the status of the UFO Phenomenon?, has no simple answer. This review article briefly examines the characteristics of the "UFO Problem" and relates those characteristics to the problem of ignorance in the academic community. An "inside look" at the appropriate library for the "working UFOlogist" is then explored.`

	`Letters to the Editor`
	Comments on Better Blood Through Chemistry	89-94
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 6 Number 3 Autumn/1992 - Better Blood Through Chemistry: A Laboratory Replication of a Miracle [Epstein, Michael & Garlaschelli, Luigi]
	Super-psi or Reincarnation?	94-95

	`Book Reviews`
Ian STEVENSON	The Meaning of Evolution: The Morphological Construction and Ideological Reconstruction of Darwin's Theory	97-99
Bradley C CANON	Revelations: Alien Contact and Human Deception?	99-104
	Review: Jacques VALLÉE,REVELATIONS - 1991
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 7 Number 2 Summer/1993 - Vallee Comments on Book Review "Revelations: Alien Contact and Human Deception"

	SOCIETY FOR SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION POSITION PAPER

Journal of Scientific Exploration

Volume 14 Number 1 2000

Name: May, Edwin C.; James, S.; Spottiswoode, P.; Faith, Laura V.

CONTENTS

Author	Title	Pag

	`Research Articles`
Harald ATMANSPACHER, Herbert SCHEINGRABER	Investigating Deviations from Dynamical Randomness with Scaling Indices	1-18
	Abstract: The information contained in any given experimental time series can be utilized more exhaustively when transition probabilities between states rather than state probabilities alone are studied. Using advanced techniques of time series analysis, it is shown that deviations from dynamical randomness indicate evidence for unexpected temporal correlation features in selected data sets taken from a mind-matter experiment conducted at Freiburg (Germany). The techniques of analysis and a proper error estimation are briefly described, and some preliminary first results are presented. They encourage further inquiry into processual aspects of deviations from randomness in addition to more straightforward analyses of state probabilities.
Richard F. HAINES, Paul NORMAN	Valentich Disappearance: New Evidence and a New Conclusion	19-33
	(Italian translation UFO - Rivista di informazione ufologica N. 28 Gennaio/2004 Caso Valentich: parlano i nuovi testimoni, pp. 37-42)
	Abstract: This paper presents new evidence regarding the now-famous disappearance of Frederick Valentich, who was flying a Cessna airplane on the evening of October 21, 1978, somewhere near Cape Otway SW of Melbourne. The testimony of three witnesses is given, each of whom claim they saw an airplane descending downward at a steep angle with a much larger object with green lights flying just above it. A plot of the most probable flight path is also included. Based on this new evidence, taken in conjunction with the pilot's own in-flight reporting of sighting events, we have to conclude that there appears to be sufficient evidence to suggest that Valentich's airplane probably crashed into the sea SE of Cape Marengo between 3 and 12 miles offshore. The nature of the large object with green lights that accompanied the airplane during its steep descent remains to be identified.
Wayne B. JONAS, Debra K. DILLNER	Protection of Mice from Tularemia Infection with Ultra-Low, Serial Agitated Dilutions Prepared from Francisella tularensis-Infected Tissue	35-52
	Abstract: Reports of immunomodulation with serial agitated dilutions (SADs) of cytokines, hormones, minerals, and whole tissue led to this inquiry as to whether exposure to a complex SAD preparation produced from Francisella tularensis-infected mice could alter the immune response and the effects of subsequent challenge with this pathogen in vivo. Six SAD preparations of reticuloendothelial tissue from I? ttularensis-infected C3HlHeN mice were produced through a process of serial loglo and logloo dilutions in 70% ethanol interspersed with 30-second agitation. SAD reparations were ana- P lyzed for protein content and for contamination with H-NMR spectroscopy. Three preparations contained detectable protein by Lowry and NMR analysis, and three were diluted beyond detection of protein. These preparations were administered orally for 1 month to 147 animals randomly assigned to SAD or dilutent control groups. All animals were then challenged with a lethal dose (LDS0 or LD75) of F. tularensis and evaluated for time to death and total mortality. In a series of 15 trials, the SAD preparations consistently produced increased mean times to death (MTD; MTD SAD = 18.6 days [range, 12.9-25.61; MTD controls = 13.7 days [range, 11.6-15.6]), and decreased mortality (SAD: 53%; control: 75%) when compared with matched control groups given the dilutent only. Protection was not related to the level of dilution, the number of times vortexed, or the presence or absence of original substance from the tissue. Active and inactive solutions could be distinguished from one another using 'H NMR-spectroscopy. Two preparations induced specific anti-tularemia IgG antibody production before challenge. This anomalous finding needs independent repetition and further investigati
Edwin C. MAY, S. JAMES, P. SPOTTISWOODE, Laura V. FAITH	The Correlation of the Gradient of Shannon Entropy and Anomalous Cognition: Toward an AC Sensory System	53-72
	Abstract: -In this study, we hoped to replicate earlier findings that have demonstrated strong evidence for anomalous cognition (AC), as well as a significant correlation between the quality of the AC with the gradient of Shannon entropy, but not with the entropy itself. We created a new target pool and a more sensitive analytical system compared with those of earlier studies. We then invited five experienced receivers (i.e., experiment participants) to contribute 15 trials each. In addition to the usual rank-order analysis, two other methods were used to assess the quality of the AC. The first of these was a 0 to 7 rating scale that has been used in the earlier studies. The second, a figure of merit, was based on a fuzzy-set encoding of the targets and responses. The primary hypotheses were (a) that a significant correlation would be seen between the figure of merit quality assessment and the gradient of Shannon entropy for the associated target and (b) that the correlation using the rating assessment would be consistent with earlier findings. A secondary hypothesis was that the figure of merit quality would not correlate with the entropy of the associated target. All hypotheses were confirmed. Our results are part of the growing evidence that AC is mediated through a sensory channel.

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